Note about & and |

A - B in C language is equal to A+( ~B + 1 ), so ( ~B + 1 ) + B = 0.

Examples:

#include <cstdio>

using namespace std;

int main(void){

  char A = 0x53;

  char B = 0x9A;

  char C;

  C = A & B;

  printf("%X\n", C);

  C = A | B;

  printf("%X\n", C);

  C = ~A;

  printf("%X\n", C);

  C = ~B;

  printf("%X\n", C);

  C = A + (~A+1); // C = A - A;

  printf("%X\n", C);

  C = A ^ B;

  printf("%X\n", C);

  C = C ^ B;

  printf("%X\n", C);

  printf("Shifts.......\n");

  C = A << 1;

  printf("%X\n", C);

  C = B << 1;

  printf("%X\n", C);

  C = A >> 1;

  printf("%X\n", C);

  C = B >> 1;

  printf("%X\n", C);

  A = 100;

  A = A >> 1;  //  A = A / 2

  printf("%d\n", A);

  A<<=1;  // A *= 2;

  printf("%d\n", A);

  return 0;

}

RESULT:

12

FFFFFFDB

FFFFFFAC

65

0

FFFFFFC9

53

Shifts.......

FFFFFFA6

34

29

FFFFFFCD

50

100